The fact that London was parliamentarian rather than royalistwas one of the principal reasons for the defeat of Charles I in theEnglish Civil War. This book reinterprets London's role. Itexamines the relation of the municipality and of the City fathersas business magnates with both of the early Stuart kings and theirparliaments, and explores the business connections of the City withthe royal court, concluding that, far from being the natural alliesof the king and court as is generally assumed, the City elite hadmostly been seriously alienated from them by 1640. Professor Ashtonoffers an interpretation not only of the City's role in the yearsbefore 1640 but also of the reasons lying behind its support forparliament in 1642. It is both a contribution to the debate on theorigins of the Civil War and a study in depth of the connectionbetween big business and politics in early Stuart England.

Throughout America’s history, our laws have been a reflectionof who we are, of what we value, of who has control. They embodyour society’s genetic code. In the masterful hands of the subject’sgreatest living historian, the story of the evolution of our lawsserves to lay bare the deciding struggles over power and justicethat have shaped this country from its birth pangs to the present.Law in America is a supreme example of the historian’s art, itsbrevity a testament to the great elegance and wit of itscomposition. From the Hardcover edition.

For the first time, a collection of dissents from the mostfamous Supreme Court cases If American history can truly be traced through the majoritydecisions in landmark Supreme Court cases, then what about thedissenting opinions? In issues of race, gender, privacy, workers'rights, and more, would advances have been impeded or failuresrectified if the dissenting opinions were in fact the majorityopinions? In offering thirteen famous dissents-from Marbury v. Madison andBrown v. Board of Education to Griswold v. Connecticut and Lawrencev. Texas, each edited with the judges' eloquence preserved-renownedSupreme Court scholar Mark Tushnet reminds us that court decisionsare not pronouncements issued by the utterly objective, they are infact political statements from highly intelligent but partisanpeople. Tushnet introduces readers to the very concept of dissentin the courts and then provides useful context for each case,filling in gaps in the Court's history and providing an overview ofthe issues at

This 2004 book is a comparative study of the American legaldevelopment in the mid-nineteenth century. Focusing on Illinois andVirginia, supported by observations from six additional states, thebook traces the crucial formative moment in the development of anAmerican system of common law in northern and southern courts. Theprocess of legal development, and the form the basic analyticalcategories of American law came to have, are explained as theproducts of different responses to the challenge of new industrialtechnologies, particularly railroads. The nature of those responseswas dictated by the ideologies that accompanied the social,political, and economic orders of the two regions. American commonlaw, ultimately, is found to express an emerging model ofcitizenship, appropriate to modern conditions. As a result, theprocess of legal development provides an illuminating perspectiveon the character of American political thought in a formativeperiod of the nation.

Can the police strip-search a woman who has been arrested fora minor traffic violation? Can a magazine publish an embarrassingphoto of you without your permission? Does your boss have the rightto read your email? Can a company monitor its employees'off-the-job lifestyles--and fire those who drink, smoke, or livewith a partner of the same sex? Although the word privacy does notappear in the Constitution, most of us believe that we have aninalienable right to be left alone. Yet in arenas that range fromthe battlefield of abortion to the information highway, privacy isunder siege. In this eye-opening and sometimes hair-raising book,Alderman and Kennedy survey hundreds of recent cases in whichordinary citizens have come up against the intrusions ofgovernment, businesses, the news media, and their own neighbors. Atonce shocking and instructive, up-to-date and rich in historicalperspective, The Right to Private is an invaluable guide toone of the most charged issues of our time.

Nobel laureate Niko Tinbergen laid the foundations for thescientific study of animal behaviour with his work on causation,development, function and evolution. In this book, an internationalcast of leading animal biologists reflect on the enduringsignificance of Tinbergen's groundbreaking proposals for modernbehavioural biology. It includes a reprint of Tinbergen's originalarticle on the famous 'four whys' and a contemporary introduction,after which each of the four questions are discussed in the lightof contemporary evidence. There is also a discussion of the widersignificance of recent trends in evolutionary psychology andneuroecology to integrate the 'four whys'. With a foreword by oneof Tinbergen's most prominent pupils, Aubrey Manning, thiswide-ranging book demonstrates that Tinbergen's views on animalbehaviour are crucial for modern behavioural biology. It willappeal to graduate students and researchers in animal behaviour,behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology.

In this 2008 book, legal scholars, philosophers, historiansand political scientists from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, theUnited Kingdom and the United States analyze the common law throughthree of its classic themes: rules, reasoning andconstitutionalism. Their essays, specially commissioned for thisvolume, provide an opportunity for thinkers from differentjurisdictions and disciplines to talk to each other and to theirwider audience within and beyond the common law world. This bookallows scholars and students to consider how these themes andconcepts relate to one another. It will initiate and sustain a moreinclusive and well-informed theoretical discussion of the commonlaw's method, process and structure. It will be valuable tolawyers, philosophers, political scientists and historiansinterested in constitutional law, comparative law, judicialprocess, legal theory, law and society, legal history, separationof powers, democratic theory, political philosophy, the courts andthe relationship of the comm

This historical narrative of the Salem witch trials takesits dialogue from actual trial records but applies modernpsychiatric knowledge to the witchcraft hysteria. Starkey's senseof drama also vividly recreates the atmosphere of pity and terrorthat fostered the evil and suffering of this human tragedy.

Computers and the Law provides readers with an introduction tothe legal issues associated with computing – particularly in themassively networked context of the Internet. Assuming no previousknowledge of the law or any special knowledge of programming orcomputer science, this textbook offers undergraduates of alldisciplines and professionals in the computing industry anunderstanding of basic legal principles and an awareness of thepeculiarities associated with legal issues in cyberspace. This isnot a law school casebook, but rather a variety of carefullychosen, relevant cases presented in redacted form. The full casesare available on an ancillary Web site. The pervasiveness ofcomputing in modern society has generated numerous legalambiguities. This book introduces readers to the fundamentalworkings of the law in physical space and suggests the opportunityto create new types of laws with nontraditional goals.

“The best legal read . . . in decades. A brilliantlyentertaining work, both for the lawyer and the layman.” Washington Times Robert S. Bennett has been a lawyer for more than forty years. Inthat time, he’s taken on dozens of high-pro?le and groundbreakingcases and emerged as the go-to guy for the nation’s elite. BobBennett gained international recognition as one of America’s bestlawyers for leading the defense of President Bill Clinton in thePaula Jones case. He has always fought for justice. This is hisstory. Born in Brooklyn and an amateur boxer in his youth, Bennett hasoften brought his street-?ghter’s mentality to the courtroom. Hiscase history is a who’s who of ?gures who have dominated legalheadlines: superlobbyist Tommy Corcoran, former secretaries ofdefense Clark Clifford and Caspar Weinberger, Marge Schott, and,most recently, New York Times reporter Judith Miller and formerWorld Bank president Paul Wolfowitz. Throughout the telling of his life in court, Be

An examination of privacy and the evolution of communication,from broken sealing wax to high-tech wiretapping A sweeping story of the right to privacy as it sped alongcolonial postal routes, telegraph wires, and even today’sfiber-optic cables, American Privacy traces the lineage of culturalnorms and legal mandates that have swirled around the FourthAmendment since its adoption. Legally, technologically, andhistorically grounded, Frederick Lane’s book presents a vivid andpenetrating exploration that, in the words of people’s historianHoward Zinn, “challenges us to defendour most basic rights.”--Fromthe Trade Paperback edition.

In this amazing story of high stakes competition between twotitans, Richard Moran shows how the electric chair developed notout of the desire to be more humane but through an effort by onenineteenth-century electric company to discredit the other. In 1882, Thomas Edison ushered in the “age of electricity” whenhe illuminated Manhattan’s Pearl Street with his direct current(DC) system. Six years later, George Westinghouse lit up Buffalowith his less expensive alternating current (AC). The two menquickly became locked in a fierce rivalry, made all the morecomplicated by a novel new application for their product: theelectric chair. When Edison set out to persuade the state of NewYork to use Westinghouse’s current to execute condemned criminals,Westinghouse fought back in court, attempting to stop the firstelectrocution and keep AC from becoming the “executioner’scurrent.” In this meticulously researched account of the ensuinglegal battle and the horribly botched first execution, Moran r

The Real ACT is the only book with insider test-taking tipsand strategy, practice tests, and insight from the makers of theACT. This comprehensive guide has everything one needs to knowabout the ACT-test content, structure, and format info! The only guide that includes 5 previously administered,full-length ACT tests written by the actual test maker (including 2NEW practice tests) ACT content and procedures you'll follow when actually taking thetest Valuable information about tuition payment plans All the question types you can expect to find on the ACT Suggestions on how you might approach the questions andPeterson's tried-and-true test-taking strategies and tips

Simple Justice is the definitive history ofthe landmark case Brown v. Board of Education and the epicstruggle for racial equality in this country. Combining intensiveresearch with original interviews with surviving participants,Richard Kluger provides the fullest possible view of the human andlegal drama in the years before 1954, the cumulative assaults onthe white power structure that defended segregation, and thestep-by-step establishment of a team of inspired black lawyers thatcould successfully challenge the law. Now, on the fiftiethanniversary of the unanimous Supreme Court decision that endedlegal segregation, Kluger has updated his work with a new finalchapter covering events and issues that have arisen since the bookwas first published, including developments in civil rights andrecent cases involving affirmative action, which rose directly outof Brown v. Board of Education.

With its unique contextual emphasis and authoritativecommentary, Trusts Law: Text and Materials is a book that noserious undergraduate on trust law courses can afford to bewithout. The book is divided into four main parts: trusts and thepreservation of family wealth; trusts and family breakdown; trustsand commerce; and trusts and non-profit activity. Within each ofthese parts, leading cases, statutes, and historical and researchmaterials are placed alongside the narrative of the author's textto give emphasis both to general theories of trust concepts and tothe practical operation of trusts. Attention is also given toimportant themes such as the developing relationship between trustslaw and other areas of private law such as the Law of Restitution.This new edition takes account of all relevant judicial andlegislative developments since the third edition, and expandsdiscussion of key themes in current developments of the law.

This is primarily a textbook for graduate and upper-levelundergraduate students of law. However, practising lawyers andpolicy-makers who are looking for an introduction to WTO law willalso find it invaluable. The book covers both the institutional andsubstantive law of the WTO. While the treatment of the law is oftenquite detailed, the main aim of this textbook is to make clear thebasic principles and underlying logic of WTO law and the worldtrading system. Each section contains questions and assignments, toallow students to assess their understanding and develop usefulpractical skills. At the end of each chapter there is a helpfulsummary, as well as an exercise on specific, true-to-lifeinternational trade problems.

In 1787, the American union was in disarray. The incompatibledemands of the separate states threatened its existence; somestates were even in danger of turning into the kind of tyranny theyhad so recently deposed. A truly national government was needed, one that could raisemoney, regulate commerce, and defend the states against foreignthreats–without becoming as overbearing as England. Sothirty-six-year-old James Madison believed. That summer, theVirginian was instrumental in organizing the ConstitutionalConvention, in which one of the world’s greatest documents would bedebated, created, and signed. Inspired by a sense of history in themaking, he kept the most extensive notes of any attendee. Now two esteemed scholars have made these minutes accessible toeveryone. Presented with modern punctuation and spelling, judiciouscuts, and helpful notes–plus fascinating background information onevery delegate and an overview of the tumultuous times–here is thegreat drama of how the Constituti