An early experiment that conceives the basic idea of Monte Carlo pu-tatios is known as "Buffon'needle",first stated by Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon in 1777.In this well-known experiment,on throws a needle of length l onto a flat surface with a grid of parallel lines with spacing.It is easy to pute that,under ideal conditions,the chance that the needle will intersect one of the lines in .Thus,if we lep pN be the Proportion of "intersects"in N throws,we can have an estimate of π as wjocj will"converge"to π as N increases to infinity.
THE major part of thiook (Chapters I, II, III and V) is not very different from what was in the first two English editions (1959 and 1970).This is a natural result of the fact that the basic equations and conclusions of elasticity theory have long since been established. . The second edition included a chapter on the theory of dislocations in crystals, written jointly with A.M.Kosevich, which haeen only slightly changed in the present edition.
本书的内容是现代科学计算中常用的数值计算方法及其原理，包括数值逼近，插值与拟合，数值积分，线性与非线性方程组数值解法，矩阵特征值与特征向量计算，常微分方程初值问题、刚性问题与边值问题数值方法，以及并行算法概述等。本书是为学过少量《计算方法》的理工科研究生学习《数值分析》而编写的教材。内容较新，起点较高，叙述严谨，系统性强，偏重数值计算一般原理。每章附有习题及数值试验题，附录介绍了Matlab软件以便于读者使用。本书可作为理工科研究生《数值分析》课程的教材或参考书，也可供从事科学与工程计算的科技人员学习参考。
本书是在作者对粗糙集、模糊集相关理论研究和应用的基础上，将一些结果和应用加以汇总、总结、整理而成。主要内容包括：粗糙集理论的基本概念；模糊集理论的基本概念；粗糙集与模糊集的互补性研究及其应用；对不完备信息系统中粗糙集理论的模型的扩充研究；粗糙集在中医胸痹证候识别中的应用研究。 本书适合知识发现、数据挖掘、人工智能、决策分析、中医研究及应用等领域的科研人员和高校师生阅读。
本书内容包括电子计算机上常用的各种数值计算方法，如插值法、二乘法、一致逼近、数值微积分、方程求根法、线性与非线性代数方程组解法、矩阵特征值与特征向量求法、常微分方程初值问题的解法、求解数理方程定解问题的差分法、有限元法等。还包含同类书中未见的一些内容，如广义佩亚诺定理、外推法及其在某些问题中的应用。书中重点讨论了各种计算方法的构造原理和使用，对稳定性、收敛性、误差估计和优缺点等也作了适当的介绍。 本书内容丰富，取材精炼；重点突出，推导详细，数值计算例子较多；内容安排由浅人深，每章都有概述、小结、复习题等，便于教学。本书可作理工科院校非计算数学专业研究生或高年级学生教材，也可供从事数值计算的科技工作者阅读参考。
THE major part of thiook (Chapters I, II, III and V) is not very different from what was in the first two English editions (1959 and 1970).This is a natural result of the fact that the basic equations and conclusions of elasticity theory have long since been established. . The second edition included a chapter on the theory of dislocations in crystals, written jointly with A.M.Kosevich, which haeen only slightly changed in the present edition.
