本书全面、系统地阐述了原子核物理学这门学科的基本内容,并对亚核子物理、天体物理以及核辐射测量等作了简要介绍。全书共分十三章,内容包括核的基本性质、放射性、核辐射测量、核力、核衰变、核结构、核反应、中子物理、核裂变和聚变、亚核子物理和天体物理等。书中着重叙述这些方面的基础知识和物理规律,同时适当介绍当前的一些进展情况。 为了便于读者自学,本书语言力求简明易懂,内容注意由浅入深,各章均有习题和答案。书末还附有供做习题用的“部分核素数据和粒子数据”和“常用物理常量”。 本书可作为大学物理类专业原子核物理课程的教材,并可供其他有关专业的师生和从事原子能研究和应用的人员参考。 本书是1981年出版的《原子核物理》(高等学校试用教材)的修订版。原版书于1987年获核工业部教材特等奖。1988年获全国高
《量子物理的非常规方法(英文版)》包括的内容有:Noncommutative physics;Moment of momentum;Perturbation theory;Model Hamiltonian;Perturbation method;Inclusion of degenerate levels;Free scalar field;Free scalar field等。
小的粒子是什么?浩瀚的宇宙又蕴藏着什么样的奥秘?翻开《粒子与宇宙》这本书,你就开始了一段穿越时空的旅行。你可以到粒子动物园去看看夸克是什么样子,也可以乘上宇宙飞船到苍茫的太空中去捕捉来自天外的信号,你还可以扇动着想象的翅膀回到时间的起点去一睹大爆炸的悲壮,或者飞向未来去看看数十亿年之后的宇宙将会怎样。一个小小的原子何以能毁灭地球?光是波还是粒子?所有的物质都是由什么构成的?我们能回到过去吗?宇宙从哪里来又将到哪里去?所有这些已知的、未知的世界之谜都等待着你去探索。《粒子与宇宙》一书分5章介绍了核物理、量子理论、粒子物理、相对论和宇宙学的有关知识,深入浅出地为我们再现了知识发现的过程,并介绍了这些知识的当前或者潜在应用。这本书集科学性与趣味性于一身,从微观到宏观,从过去到未来,
String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. It was developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of de-scribing the strong nuclear force. Problems were encountered that prevented this program from attaining plete success. In particular, it was realized that the dpectrum of a fundamental string contains an undesired massless spin-two particle. Quantum chromodynamics eventually proved to be the correct theory for describing the strong force and the properties of hadrons,New doors opened for string theory when in 1974 it was proposed to identify the massless spin-two particle in the string's spectrum with the graviton, the quantum of gravitation. String theory became then the most promising can-didate for a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces and has developed into one of the most fascinating the6ries of high-energy physics.
Recent years have brought a revival of work on string theory, which haeen a source of fascination since its origins nearly twenty years ago.There seems to be a widely perceived need for a systematic, pedagogical exposition of the present state of knowledge about string theory. We hope that thiook will help to meet this need. To give a prehensive account of such a vast topic as string theory would scarcely be possible,even in two volumes with the length to which these have grown. Indeed,we have had to omit many important subjects, while treating others only sketchily. String field theory is omitted entirely (though the subject of chapter 11 is closely related to light-cone string field theory). Conformal field theory is not developed systematically, though much of the background material needed to understand recent papers on this subject is presented in chapter 3 and elsewhere.
为了便于读者了解宇称不守恒思想突破的历史过程和科学文献,本书分三篇收录了相关文献。 篇收入了有关这一发现的重要理论和实验记录:李政道、杨振宁的论文《弱相互作用中宇称守恒质疑》,吴健雄和安布勒(E.Ambler)等的论文《β衰变中宇称守恒的实验检验》和布德(R.Budde)、克雷蒂安(M.Chretien)等的论文《1.3GeVπ-介子产生的不稳定重粒子的性质》。 第二篇收入的是,1986年11月22日在哥伦比亚大学物理系举行的“宇称不守恒发现30周年学术报告会”的有关历史文献。 第三篇主要为《李政道答(科学时报)记者问》、伯恩斯坦(J.Bernstein)的《宇称问题侧记》、富兰克林(A.Franklin)的《宇称不守恒的发现与未发现》等相关文献。
北京正负电子对撞机是有代表性的大科学装置,本书旨在揭开北京正负电子对撞机的神秘面纱,介绍中国建设北京正负电子对撞机的原因,北京正负电子对撞机的结构、工作原理以及利用它所取得的一系列重要成果。作品科学严谨,用生动的语言描绘出微观世界的神奇。书中融合新媒体传播方式,链接相关视频,把深奥的科学原理和科学知识尽可能深入浅出地呈现给读者。
Myintentionisthatthisbookserveasareferenceworkoninteractingparticlesystems,andthatitbeusedasthebasisforanadvancedgraduatecourseonthissubject.Thebookshouldbeofinterestnotonlytomathematicians,butalsotoworkersinrelatedareassuchasmathematicalphysicsandmathematicalbiology.Theprerequisitesforreadingitaresolidone-yeargraduatecoursesinanalysisandprobabilitytheory,atthelevelofRoyden(1968)andChung(1974),respectively.Materialwhichisusuallycoveredinthesecourseswillbeusedwithoutment.Inaddition,afamiliaritywithanumberofothertypesofstochasticprocesseswillbehelpful.However,referenceswillbegivenwhenresultsfromspeizedpartsofprobabilitytheoryareused.Noparticularknowledgeofstatisticalmechanicsormathematicalbiologyisassumed.Whilethisisthefirstbook-lengthtreatmentofthesubjectofinteractingparticlesystems,anumberofsurveysofpartsofthefieldhaveappearedinrecentyears.AmongtheseareSpitzer(1974a),Holley(1974a),Sullivan(1975b),Liggett(1977b),Stroock(1978),Griffeath(1979a,1981),and
核科学技术是一门自然科学与技术科学相交叉的综合学科。经过几十年的发展,目前已形成几十个分支学科。本报告选择发展较为成熟、与国民经济密切相关且反映外核科技水平的分支学科开展重点研究。核科学技术研究是核能事业生存与发展的先导和基础,更是核能利用、核燃料循环、核技术应用产业发展的技术支撑。目前,我国在核科学与技术研究领域已经形成了一套包含基础研究、应用研究和工程研究的完整体系。 本报告分综合报告和20个专题报告,其目的是展现国外核科
《核素数据手册》第三版由T.B.格拉希维里、B.П.契切夫、O.O.帕塔尔肯、H.E.雅科列夫、B.M.库普里亚诺夫、赵志祥、黄小龙、葛智刚、周春梅在《核素数据手册》第二版(俄文版)的基础上补充修订而成的。 直接或间接参加这项工作的单位有:俄罗斯原子能机构、俄罗斯原子能机构核武器研制预测试部、俄罗斯原子能机构ATOMINFORM科学数据中心、圣彼得堡Khlopin镭学研究所放射性核素数据中心和CODATA中国委员会、中国核工业集团公司、中国原子能科学研究员、中国核数据中心。 本书收录了截至2004年已知的所有稳定和放射性核素的基础核数据,包括了这些核素的最基础特性'这些核数据多数是推荐的评价数据,并且包括其不确定度.供核科学与工程应用、放射性同位素生产、核医学、地质勘探、环境保护和科学研究等科技工作者使用和参考,也可供科研机构和大
本书为“十三五”国家重点出版物出版规划项目。全书阐述了量子物理学的基本原理和概念,共9章,包括导论、量子物理学中物理量的量值、能级、光子、实物粒子、不确定原理和测量理论、薛定谔波动力学、定态理论、基本粒子和它们的相互作用。作者在书中用了许多实验事实来说明量子物理学理论的根据,并特别着重于澄清对量子物理学的一些误解"书中还简要叙述了量子物理学在原子物理、分子物理、核物理和基本粒子等领域中的应用。
本书一共分三章:章负能谱和负能谱系统、第二章负能谱热力学理论纲要和第三章黑洞热力学。其中第二章是本书的中心内容,从节到第七节集中阐述并建立了负能谱热力学的五条基本定理和定律。第八节阐述了负能谱系统的稳定平衡判据。第九至十一节讨论了熵减原理的应用以及负能谱热力学在高密度自引力坍缩物质中的应用。最后在第十二节里概述了正、负能谱中非平衡态热力学间的互补对应。
Thiookdescribesthepracticaltechniquesforconnectingthephenomenologyofparticlephysicswiththeacceptedmoderntheoryknownasthe'StandardModel'.TheStandardModelofelementaryparticleinteractionsistheoutstandingachievementofthepastfortyyearsofexperimentalandtheoreticalactivityinparticlephysics.ThiookgivesadetailedaccountoftheStandardModel,focussingonthetechniqueywhichthemodelcanproduceinformationaboutrealobservedphenomena.ThetextopenswithapedagogicaccountofthetheoryoftheStandardModel.Introductionstotheessentialcalculationtechniquesneeded,includingeffectivelagrangiantechniquesandpathintegralmethods,areincluded.ThemajorpartofthetextisconcernedwiththeuseoftheStandardModelinthecalculationofphysicalpropertiesofparticles.Rigorousandreliablemethods(radiativecorrectionsandnonperturbativetechniqueasedonsymmetriesandanomalies)areemphasized,butotherusefulmodels(suchasthequarkandSkyrmemodels)arealsodescribed.Thestrongandelectroweakinteractionsarenottreatedasindependentthreads,butratherarewoventogetherintoaunifiedphenomenologicalfab
本书系统地总结了冲击波压缩科学在力学、物理和化学方面的研究成果,从冲击波压缩的基本概念出发,讲述了冲击波压缩科学的起源、良性学说和灾变学说,冲击波压缩下固体的弹性、塑性、加载波和卸载波等力学响,应,固体的压电、铁电、铁磁、电阻率、电极化等物理性质,以及冲击波压缩下固体的活化、改性、化学合成等化学效应。本书从力学、物理和化学的多学科角度,阐述了固体的强度效应、局域变形、高浓度缺陷等特性在冲击波压缩过程中的意义,介绍了冲击波压缩科学的发展方向。本书可作为力学、物理、化学、材料科学、地球和天体科学等专业高年级本科生和研究生的参考书,也可供动高压物理、爆炸与冲击动力学研究领域的科研人员参考使用,对国防、民用工程和新材料开发领域的工程技术人员有着重要的参考价值。
When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory. Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tri
When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory. Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tri
《粒子输运问题的数值模拟》主要讲述了,利用数值模拟研究微观粒子在介质中的输运行为,是核武器物理、核反应堆物理、激光核聚变、高温等离子体物理、X光激光物理、磁约束核聚变和惯性约束核聚变研究中不可缺少的重要工作。《粒子输运问题的数值模拟》分为6章,系统介绍了等离子体中带电粒子输运理论、辐射输运理论、辐射流体力学方程组、中子输运理论和核素燃耗、中子扩散理论及其数值模拟技术。给出了各类粒子输运方程及其涉及的输运参数的详细推导过程和计算方法,对高温介质的辐射不透明度、中子多群常数的计算与制作也给出了简单适用的算法。在此基础上,重点介绍了各类粒子输运方程和辐射流体力学方程组的离散格式与数值求解方法,给出了离散格式的稳定性判据和计算精度的数值检验方法,考虑了介质的运动对粒子输运和燃耗的影响