One of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so much bullshit. Everyone knows this. Each of us contributes his share. But we tend to take the situation for granted. Most people are rather confident of their ability to recognize bullshit and to avoid being taken in by it. So the phenomenon has not aroused much deliberate concern. We have no clear understanding of what bullshit is, why there is so much of it, or what functions it serves. And we lack a conscientiously developed appreciation of what it means to us. In other words, as Harry Frankfurt writes, "we have no theory." Frankfurt, one of the world's most influential moral philosophers, attempts to build such a theory here. With his characteristic combination of philosophical acuity, psychological insight, and wry humor, Frankfurt proceeds by exploring how bullshit and the related concept of humbug are distinct from lying. He argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not as liars do, that is, by deliberate

Understanding the Tanya guides the reader through one of the most extraordinary books of moral teachings ever written. The Tanya is a seminal document in both the study of Hasidic thought and of Kabbalah—Jewish mysticism. With a keen understanding of the profound struggles within the human soul, the Tanya helps us understand how we can raise ourselves to higher and higher spiritual levels. Timeless in its approach, the Tanya addresses specific moral problems and dilemmas and delves into their root causes, distilling the universal predicaments of humankind and offering solutions that can change the way we view ourselves and conduct our lives. The Tanya explores the workings of the soul and examines the complexities, doubts, and drives within all of us as expressions of a single basic problem—the struggle between our Godly and animal souls.

After his father's early death Jean-Paul Sartre was brought upat his grandfather's home in a world even then eighty years out ofdate. In "Words", Sartre recalls growing up within the confines ofFrench provincialism in the period before the First World War, anillusion-ridden childhood made bearable by his lively imaginationand passion for reading and writing. A brilliant work ofself-analysis, "Words" provides an essential background to thephilosophy of one of the profoundest thinkers of the twentiethcentury.

New introductions commissioned from today's top writers andscholars Biographies of the authors Chronologies of contemporaryhistorical, biographical, and cultural events Footnotes andendnotes Selective discussions of imitations, parodies, poems,books, plays, paintings, operas, statuary, and films inspired bythe work Comments by other famous authors Study questions tochallenge the reader's viewpoints and expectations Bibliographiesfor further reading Indices Glossaries, when appropriateAlleditions are beautifully designed and are printed to superiorspecifications; some include illustrations of historical interest. Barnes Noble Classics pulls together a constellationof influences—biographical, historical, and literary—to enrich eachreader's understanding of these enduring works.

Whether we love or hate Sigmund Freud, we all have to admit that he revolutionized the way we think about ourselves. Much of this revolution can be traced to The Interpretation of Dreams, the turn-of-the-century tour de force that outlined his theory of unconscious forces in the context of dream analysis. Introducing the id, the superego, and their problem child, the ego, Freud advanced scientific understanding of the mind immeasurably by exposing motivations normally invisible to our consciousness. While there's no question that his own biases and neuroses influenced his observations, the details are less important than the paradigm shift as a whole. After Freud, our interior lives became richer and vastly more mysterious. These mysteries clearly bothered him--he went to great (often absurd) lengths to explain dream imagery in terms of childhood sexual trauma, a component of his theory jettisoned mid-century, though now popular among recovered-memory therapists. His dispassionate analyses of his own dr

Behind Edinburghs regimented Georgian Facades,its moral compasses are spinning with greed,dishonesty,lustand murderous intent. Isabel Dalhousie knows this. Isabel,in fact,rather relishes it. An accomplished philosopher andeditor of the Review of Applied Ethics, she knows all about the difference between good and bad. Which is probably why,by instinct,she is an amateur sleuth Andinstinct tells her the man who tumbled to hisdeath in front of her eysx after aconcert inthe Usher Hall didn tfall He was pushed… The Sunday Philosophy Chib marks new territory_but familiar moral ground-from the authorof The NO Ladies Detective Agency. With Isabel Dalhousie,Alexander McCall Smith introduces anew and waspish female sleuth to tackle murder, mayhem-and the mysteries of life.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was one of the most important thinkers of the post-war era. Central to his thought was the idea that human understanding comes from our bodily experience of the world that we perceive: a deceptively simple argument, perhaps, but one that he felt had to be made in the wake of attacks from contemporary science and the philosophy of Descartes on the reliability of human perception. From this starting point, Merleau-Ponty presented these seven lectures on The World of Perception to French radio listeners in 1948. Available in a paperback English translation for the first time in the Routledge Classics series to mark the centenary of Merleau-Ponty’s birth, this is a dazzling and accessible guide to a whole universe of experience, from the pursuit of scientific knowledge, through the psychic life of animals to the glories of the art of Paul Cézanne.

This book is an investigation of the methodological andepistemological foundations of macroeconomic theory, based on anexamination of the theories of Keynes and Lucas. It is divided intotwo parts. In the first Professor Vercelli discusses themethodological issues which lie behind the conflict among differentschools of thought in macroeconomics (equilibrium anddisequilibrium, risk and uncertainty, rationality and causality).These issues are central to the current debate not only in manybranches of economics, but also in other scientific disciplines.The traditional point of view of science based on equilibrium,stability and determinism has been increasingly challenged by a newpoint of view in which disequilibrium, instability and uncertaintyplay a crucial role. This, the author argues, is bound to putmacroeconomics in a new, more promising position. In the secondpart of the book the author compares the two main alternativeresearch programmes in macroeconomics: that outlined by Keynes inhis 'General Theory', an

Sun Tsu's Art of War is perhaps thebest-known and most highly regarded treatise on military strategyyet written. Compiled well over 200 years ago, its principles areas applicable to the boardroom as they are to thebattlefield. Unlike many contemporary translations that havefocused too heavily on applying this military classic to corporateconflicts, this definitive interpretation maintains the impact ofthe original. Free of academic commentary and ambiguous metaphors,Kaufman's translation uses straightforward prose to explain SunTzu's message. Like the original, this new interpretation isdivided into thirteen sections, each presenting vital informationon military strategy ranging from assessing opposing armies and theproper treatment of troops to the use of spies. Other chaptersinclude: considerations for war, preparations for war, the natureof attacks, how to think during war, the reality of war, controlingterritory, managing campaigns, and fierceness in combat.

The first edition of The Interpretation of Dreams is muchshorter than its subsequent editions; each time the text wasreissued, from 1909 onwards, Freud added to it. The mostsignificant, and in many ways the most unfortunate addition, is a50-page section devoted to the kind of mechanical reading of dreamsymbolism--long objects equal male genitalia, etc.--that has gainedpopular currency and partially obscured Freud's more profoundinsights into dreams. In the original version presented here,Freud's emphasis falls more clearly on the use of words in dreamsand on the difficulty of deciphering them. Without the strata oflater additions, readers will find here a clearer development ofFreud's central ideas--of dream as wish-fulfillment, of the dream'smanifest and latent content, of the retelling of dreams as acontinuation of the dreamwork, and much more. Joyce Crick'stranslation is lighter and faster-moving than previous versions,enhancing the sense of dialogue with the reader, one of Freud'ssyllogistic strengths, a

The "Meditations" of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius are areadable exposition of the system of metaphysics known as stoicism.Stoics maintained that by putting aside great passions, unjustthoughts and indulgence, man could acquire virtue and live at onewith nature.

Everybody knows that the best way to persuade people to reach the “Yes” response is by using logic and reason, right? Wrong. According to the latest research in neuroscience, most people respond to emotional cues rather than rational ones. Instead of using facts and figures to persuade, you should be tapping into the brain’s internal triggers for making decisions. With the new technology of realtime brain imaging, scientists have been able to pinpoint seven of these emotional triggers. Activating one or more of the other person’s triggers will make you a master persuader in every aspect of your life. You’ll learn how to motivate a “Yes” response from clients, coworkers, employees, and entire organizations. Just say “YES” to success.

First published in English in 1959, Karl Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery revolutionized contemporary thinking about science and knowledge and is one of the most widely read books about science written last century. Described by the philosopher AJ Ayer as 'a work of great originality and power', Popper presents the two ideas that did more than anything else to make him famous: that the only true knowledge is scientific knowledge and that knowledge grows only when on testing a theory, it can be shown to be false. Popper's now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even the methods of working scientists. It also had a profound effect on the shape of post war philosophy. Translated into many languages, it ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring and famous books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.

THE SEVENTIES IN PICTURES is one of a series of books that together provide a comprehensive pictorial history of the mid 20th century, decade by decade. With over 250 pictures, this votume is a unique record of an age at once charming and terrifying, under a pair of insecurity extending over a frightened wortd: The troubtes in Northern IreLand and terrorism at the Munich Olympic Games, "beautiful people" and the arrivat of Punk, the inspiring "giant Leap for mankind" and the shame of the Watergate Scandal.

在线阅读本书 Book De*ion Here are the essential ideas of psychoanalytic theory, includingFreud's explanations of such concepts as the Id, Ego and Super-Ego,the Death Instinct and Pleasure Principle, along with classic casestudies like that of the Wolf Man. Adam Phillips's marvellousselection provides an ideal overview of Freud's thought in all itsextraordinary ambition and variety. Psychoanalysis may be known asthe talking cure', yet it is also and profoundly, a way of reading.Here we can see Freud's writings as readings and listenings,deciphering the secrets of the mind, finding words for desires thathave never found expression. Much more than this, however, ThePenguin Freud Reader presents a compelling reading of life as weexperience it today, and a way in to the work of one of the mosthaunting writers of the modern age. Book Dimension length: (cm)19.7 width:(cm)12.8

In this book, Folke Tersman explores what we can learn about the nature of moral thinking from moral disagreement. He explains how diversity of opinion on moral issues undermines the idea that moral convictions can be objectively valued. Arguments on moral thinking are often criticized for not being able to explain why there is a contrast between ethics and other areas in which there is disagreement, but where one does not give up the idea of an objective truth, as in the natural sciences. Tersman shows that the contrast has to do with facts about when, and on what basis, moral convictions can be correctly attributed to an agent or speaker.

Can moral philosophy alter our moral beliefs or our emotions？ Does moral scepticism mean making up our own values，or does it leave us without moral commitments at all？ Is it possible to find a basis for ethics in human nature？ These are some of the main questions explored in this volume，which is devoted to the ethics of the Hellenistic schools of philosophy。Some of the leading scholars in the field have here taken a look at the bases of the Stoics’and Epicureans’ thinking about what the Greeks took to be the central questions of philosophy。Their essays，which originated in a conference held at Bad Homburg in 1983，the third in a series of conferences on Hellenistic philosophy，propose important interpretations of the texts，and pose some fascinating problems about the different roles of argument and reason in ancient and modern moral philosophy。This book will be of interest to moral philosophers and to scholars of Greek philosophy too。 This volume is devoted to the ethics

Insightful and highly accessible, this selection of seven essays displays Russell's signature brilliance of exposition in the examination of ethical subjects and the nature of truth, and marks an important period in the evolution of thought of one of the world’s most influential thinkers.

It is hard to overestimate the importance of the contribution made by Dame Frances Yates to the serious study of esotericism and the occult sciences. The Occult Philosophy of the Elizabethan Age was her last book, and in it she condensed many aspects of her wide learning to present a clear, penetrating, and, above all, accessible survey of the occult movements of the Renaissance, highlighting the work of John Dee, Giordano Bruno, and other key esoteric figures.

'Michael Norton is a one-man ideas factory whose new book suggests some wacky ways in which, with a little bit of effort, people really can change the world for the better. Don't just sit back and do nothing.' THE GUARDIAN 'If you want to make a difference this year then I can do no better than recommend 365 Ways to Change the World by Michael Norton. His handbook makes it easy.' Roy Greenslade, THE TELEGRAPH --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

This Norton Critical Edition of the At)ologia stresses the literary,, humanistic, and religious power of the text, Newman's personal development, and the progress of the Oxford movement, teprinted is a definitive text,which reached its final form about 1886 and incorporates all of Newman's later changes. Extensive notes are provided. "Basic Texts of the Newman-Kingsley Controversy" enables students to see the AFologia by setting it against other important documents in the Newman-Kingsley controversy. Included in the book are correspondence, Kingsley's pamphlet "What, Then, Does I)r. Newman Mean?," Newman's pamphlets "Mr. Kings- ley's Mode of Disputation" and "True Mode of Meeting Mr.Kingsley," and Newman's two Appendices of 1866.

Aristotle and Confucius are pivotal figures in world history; nevertheless, Western and Eastern cultures have in modern times largely abandoned the insights of these masters. Remastering Morals is the first book-length scholarly comparison of the ethics of Aristotle and Confucius. May Sim's comparisons offer fresh interpretations of the central teachings of both men. More than a catalog of similarities and differences, her study brings two great traditions into dialog so that each is able to learn from the other. This is essential reading for anyone interested in virtue-oriented ethics.

One of Freud’s central achievements was to demonstrate howunacceptable thoughts and feelings are repressed into theunconscious, from where they continue to exert a decisive influenceover our lives. This volume contains a key statement about evidencefor the unconscious, and how it works, as well as major essays onall the fundamentals of mental functioning. Freud explores how weare torn between the pleasure principle and the reality principle,how we often find ways both to express and to deny what we mostfear, and why certain men need fetishes for their sexualsatisfaction. His study of our most basic drives, and how they aretransformed, brilliantly illuminates the nature of sadism,masochism, exhibitionism and voyeurism.

Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves- and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now PENGOIN brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are. The Meditations of the great Roman philosophere-emperor Marcus Aurelius are simple yet profound works of Stoic philosophy that continue to offer guidance and consolation to many with their eloquence,wisdom and humility.