《劳动论》以人类劳动的社会性为基础，运用辩证唯物史观，以人类劳动的态势差别为核心，对人类社会经济的历史与现实作了相对系统全面的考察和研究。科学地认识劳动及其内部矛盾，是当代政治经济学研究创新的起点。由这一起点阐发的理论可明确地解决人类对自身认识的困惑，科学地认识资本主义社会存在、发展、死亡的必然性，以及未来全球实现社会主义的实质，即通过提升人类劳动智力，消除一切变态动力以完成人类劳动的完善。
This book investigates the causes, course and consequences ofthe shift in West German chemical technology from a coal to apetroleum basis between 1945 and 1961. It examines the historicalunderpinnings of the technological culture of the German chemicalindustry; changing political and economic constraints ontechnological decision-making in the post-war period; and theactual decision-making process within five individual firms. Byaddressing a wide variety of broader issues - including the originsand impact of the division of Germany; the effects of theWirtschaftswunder, or economic miracle; European integration; andthe changing role of the West German Federal Republic in theinternational political order - this book explains how West Germanindustry regained and then retained a competitive position in worldmarkets.
It Takes a Candidate serves as the first systematic, nationwideempirical account of the manner in which gender affects politicalambition. Based on data from the Citizen Political Ambition Study,a national survey conducted on almost 3,800 'potential candidates',we find that women, even in the highest tiers of professionalaccomplishment, are substantially less likely than men todemonstrate ambition to seek elected office. Women are less likelythan men to be recruited to run for office. They are less likelythan men to think they are 'qualified' to run for office. And theyare less likely than men to express a willingness to run for officein the future. This gender gap in political ambition persistsacross generations. Despite cultural evolution and society'schanging attitudes toward women in politics, running for publicoffice remains a much less attractive and feasible endeavor forwomen than men.
Executive teams are a key ingredient of today's businessworld--from the charismatic CEO who relies on the operationalexpertise of a COO, to family businesses which trust in personalbonds to achieve professional results. This study examines duo andtrio executive teams in practice to shed light on thepersonalities, relationships, and organizational principlescharacterizing the top echelons of corporate power, frominternational financial giants to creative industries. The bookanswers critical questions regarding how companies work and tackleissues of governance and accountability.
Daniel Carey examines afresh the fundamental debate within theEnlightenment about human diversity. Three central figures - Locke,Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson - questioned whether human nature wasfragmented by diverse and incommensurable customs and beliefs orunified by shared moral and religious principles. Locke's critiqueof innate ideas initiated the argument, claiming that no consensusexisted in the world about morality or God's existence. Testimonyof human difference established this point. His position wasdisputed by the third Earl of Shaftesbury who reinstated a Stoicaccount of mankind as inspired by common ethical convictions and animpulse toward the divine. Hutcheson attempted a difficultsynthesis of these two opposing figures, respecting Locke'scritique while articulating a moral sense that structured humannature. Daniel Carey concludes with an investigation of therelationship between these arguments and contemporary theories, andshows that current conflicting positions reflect long-standingdifference
This textbook aims to provide students with a stimulatingalternative to the textbooks currently available by placing thediscipline within the context of the social world and encouragingthem to question some of the assumptions and values underlying muchcurrent research. A comprehensive survey of the discipline isprovided, framed within a lifespan approach, and emphasisingsocial-cultural factors such as gender, ethnicity andsocial-economic status. All major topics are covered, includinghealth behaviours, health promotion, coping strategies, stress,biomedical and biopsychosocial models of health and illness,chronic illnesses, psychoneuroimmunology, disability, pain, andpatient-provider communication. Each topic is situated within itssocial and cultural context and constantly linked back toreal-world experience. Chapters include valuable features such asresearch updates, learning objectives and recommended readings.This book will be an invaluable resource for students of healthpsychology across a range of
Agility and innovation are necessary to achieve globalexcellence and customer value in twenty-first century business; yetmost approaches to business process engineering sacrifice these infavor of operational efficiency and economics. Moreover, the ITsystems used to automate and encapsulate business processes areunresponsive to the dynamic business environment. Mitra and Guptaprovide insight to close this gap - showing how innovation can besystematized with normalized patterns of information, how businessprocesses and information systems may be tightly aligned, and howthese processes and systems can be designed to automatically adaptto change by reconfiguring shared patterns of knowledge. A modularapproach to building business systems that parallels that of objectoriented software is presented. Practical templates required foraccelerating integration, analysis and design are provided. Thisbook will appeal to consultants, analysts, and managers in IT aswell as researchers and graduate students in business, man
This book provides the first English-language history of thepostwar labor migration to West Germany. Drawing on governmentbulletins, statements by political leaders, parliamentaryarguments, industry newsletters, social welfare studies, presscoverage, and the cultural production of immigrant artists andintellectuals, Rita Chin offers an account of West German publicdebate about guest workers. She traces the historical andideological shifts around the meanings of the labor migration,moving from the concept of guest workers as a 'temporary laborsupplement' in the 1950s and 1960s to early ideas about'multiculturalism' by the end of the 1980s. She argues that theefforts to come to terms with the permanent residence of guestworkers, especially Muslim Turks, forced a major rethinking ofGerman identity, culture, and nation. What began as a policyinitiative to fuel the economic miracle ultimately became a muchbroader discussion about the parameters of a specifically Germanbrand of multiculturalism.
What is the function of concepts pertaining to meaning insocio-linguistic practice? In this study, the authors argue that wecan approach a satisfactory answer by displacing the standardpicture of meaning talk as a sort of de*ion with a picturethat takes seriously the similarity between meaning talk andvarious types of normative injunction. In their discussion of thisapproach, they investigate the more general question of the natureof the normative, as well as a range of important topics specificto the philosophy of language.
This book examines the theology and ethics of land use,especially the practices of modern industrialized agriculture, inlight of critical biblical exegesis. Nine interrelated essaysexplore the biblical writers' pervasive concern for the care ofarable land against the background of the geography, socialstructures, and religious thought of ancient Israel. This approachconsistently brings out neglected aspects of texts, both poetry andprose, that are central to Jewish and Christian traditions. Ratherthan seeking solutions from the past, Davis creates a conversationbetween ancient texts and contemporary agrarian writers; thus sheprovides a fresh perspective from which to view the destructivepractices and assumptions that now dominate the global foodeconomy. The biblical exegesis is wide-ranging and sophisticated;the language is literate and accessible to a broad audience.
Are evolution and creation irreconcilably opposed? Is'intelligent design' theory an unhappy compromise? Is there anotherway of approaching the present-day divide between religious andso-called secular views of the origins of life? Jacob Klapwijkoffers a philosophical analysis of the relation of evolutionarybiology to religion, and addresses the question of whether theevolution of life is exclusively a matter of chance or is betterunderstood as including the notion of purpose. Writing from aChristian (Augustinian) point of view, he criticizes creationismand intelligent design theory as well as opposing reductivenaturalism. He offers an alternative to both and an attempt tobridge the gap between them, via the idea of 'emergent evolution'.In this theory the process of evolution has an emergent orinnovative character resulting in a living world of ingenious,multifaceted complexity.
This book examines the major progress made in recentpsychological science in understanding the cognitive control ofthought, emotion, and behavior and what happens when that controlis diminished as a result of aging, depression, developmentaldisabilities, or psychopathology. Each chapter of this volumereports the most recent research by a leading researcher on theinternational stage. Topics include the effects on thought,emotion, and behavior by limitations in working memory, cognitivecontrol, attention, inhibition, and reasoning processes. Otherchapters review standard and emerging research paradigms and newfindings on limitations in cognitive functioning associated withaging and psychopathology. The explicit goal behind this volume wasto facilitate cross-area research and training by familiarizingresearchers with paradigms and findings in areas different from butrelated to their own.
A House Dividing compares Virginia and Pennsylvania to answera crucial question of American history: how did slavery underminethe development of the southern economy? Extensive archivalresearch reveals that in the first decades of the nineteenthcentury, local residents in each state financed transportationimprovements to raise land values and spur commercial growth. Inthe 1830s, however, Philadelphia capitalists began financingPennsylvania's railroad network, eventually building integratedsystems that reached deep within the Midwest. Virginia's railroads,still dependent upon local investment and funds from the stategovernment, remained a collection of local lines without westernconnections. The lack of a great city that could provide capitaland traffic for large-scale railroads was the Achilles' heel ofVirginia's slave economy. The chains of slavery, Virginians learnedto their dismay, also shackled the invisible hand of themarket.
This highly interdisciplinary book highlights many of the waysin which chemistry plays a crucial role in making life anevolutionary possibility in the universe. Cosmologists and particlephysicists have often explored how the observed laws and constantsof nature lie within a narrow range that allows complexity and lifeto evolve and adapt. Here, these anthropic considerations arediversified in a host of new ways to identify the most sensitivefeatures of biochemistry and astrobiology. Celebrating the classic1913 work of Lawrence J. Henderson, The Fitness of the Environmentfor Life, this book looks at the delicate balance between chemistryand the ambient conditions in the universe that permit complexchemical networks and structures to exist. It will appeal to abroad range of scientists, academics, and others interested in theorigin and existence of life in our universe.
The emergence of observing systems such as acoustically-trackedfloats in the deep ocean, and surface drifters navigating bysatellite has seen renewed interest in Lagrangian fluid dynamics.Starting from the foundations of elementary kinematics and assumingsome familiarity of Eulerian fluid dynamics, this book reviews theclassical and new exact solutions of the Lagrangian framework, andthen addresses the general solvability of the resulting generalequations of motion. A unified account of turbulent diffusion anddispersion is offered, with applications among others to planktonpatchiness in the ocean. Written at graduate level, the bookprovides the first detailed and comprehensive analyticaldevelopment of the Lagrangian formulation of fluid dynamics, ofinterest not only to applied mathematicians but alsooceanographers, meteorologists, mechanical engineers,astrophysicists and indeed all investigators of the dynamics offluids.
