Plants growing in tropical alpine environments (at altitudesabove the closed canopy forest and below the limit of plant life)have evolved distinct forms to cope with a hostile environmentcharacterized by cold, drought and fire. Unlike temperate alpineenvironments, where there are distinct seasons of favourable andunfavourable conditions for growth, tropical alpine habitatspresent summer conditions every day and winter conditions everynight. Using examples from all over the tropics, this fascinatingaccount reviews, for the first time, the unique form and functionalrelationships of tropical alpine plants examining both theirphysiological ecology and population biology. It will appeal toanyone interested in tropical vegetation and plant physiologicaladaptations to hostile environment, as well as to researchers inbiogeography and ecology.
The 5th edition of "Physics" has been edited to clarifyconceptual development in light of recent findings from physicseducation research, and the mechanics sequence has beenre-organized to that energy is a capstone topic. The presentationof thermodynamics and quantum mechanics has been updated to providea more modern approach, and the end-of-chapter problem sets havebeen thoroughly over-hauled: new problems added; out-datedreference deleted; and new short-answer conceptual questions added.The supplements package has been expanded to include more materialsfor student and instructor.
In this book, a new approach is pioneered in providing a unifiedtheory in continuum mechanics. General Continuum Mechanics isintended for the beginner, but it develops advanced materialcovering interdisciplinary subjects. With applications ofconvective, Lagrangian, and Eulerian coordinates and the first andsecond laws of thermodynamics, the first-year graduate student willlearn solid mechanics and fluid mechanics as an integrated subject.Electromagnetic continuum and relativistic continuum are included.The conservational properties of mass, momentum, and energy onearth and in the universe constitute the ingredients of this book.They are the monumental contributions of Newton, Maxwell, andEinstein, a panorama of beauty of universal laws that evolved overthe last four centuries. No boundaries are needed to separate them,but rather we integrate them in harmony and place them inperspective. This is the book for interdisciplinary studies tocarry out the modern scientific projects in which engineering,physics, and