Recent years have brought a revival of work on string theory, which haeen a source of fascination since its origins nearly twenty years ago.There seems to be a widely perceived need for a systematic, pedagogical exposition of the present state of knowledge about string theory. We hope that thiook will help to meet this need. To give a prehensive account of such a vast topic as string theory would scarcely be possible,even in two volumes with the length to which these have grown. Indeed,we have had to omit many important subjects, while treating others only sketchily. String field theory is omitted entirely (though the subject of chapter 11 is closely related to light-cone string field theory). Conformal field theory is not developed systematically, though much of the background material needed to understand recent papers on this subject is presented in chapter 3 and elsewhere.
依据通行的观点,物质的基本彻块是夸克与轻子,它们通过杨-米尔斯规范场的媒介相互作用(在这种场合下引力被忽略了)。这就意味着相互作用的形式是完全由某些内部对称群的代数结构所决定的。于是强相互作用是与SU(3)群相关联的,它是由叫做量子色动力学的规范场理论所描述的。而电一弱相互作用则是与SU(2)XU(1)群相关联的,现在它是由标准的温伯格-萨拉姆模型来描述的。本书简明地介绍了在这些思想背后的动力,以及由此而来的严谨的数学系统表述。
《高能量密度物理:基础、惯性约束聚变和实验天体物理学》章~第7章属于流体动力学和辐射流体力学基础,然而阐述角度独特,内容与一般不同,使从流体力学或者从等离子体物理进入高能量密度物理研究的读者都会受益匪浅。第8章介绍利用高功率激光设施和z箍缩内爆装置得到高能量密度稠密等离子体的原理和技术,叙述简明扼要。最后三章分别论述以高能量密度物理作为基础的三个主要研究领域或学科,即惯性约束聚变、实验室天体物理和激光强场物理(相对论高能量密度系统),想要更好掌握这些知识的读者还应进一步学习有关的专著。
Thiookdescribesthepracticaltechniquesforconnectingthephenomenologyofparticlephysicswiththeacceptedmoderntheoryknownasthe'StandardModel'.TheStandardModelofelementaryparticleinteractionsistheoutstandingachievementofthepastfortyyearsofexperimentalandtheoreticalactivityinparticlephysics.ThiookgivesadetailedaccountoftheStandardModel,focussingonthetechniqueywhichthemodelcanproduceinformationaboutrealobservedphenomena.ThetextopenswithapedagogicaccountofthetheoryoftheStandardModel.Introductionstotheessentialcalculationtechniquesneeded,includingeffectivelagrangiantechniquesandpathintegralmethods,areincluded.ThemajorpartofthetextisconcernedwiththeuseoftheStandardModelinthecalculationofphysicalpropertiesofparticles.Rigorousandreliablemethods(radiativecorrectionsandnonperturbativetechniqueasedonsymmetriesandanomalies)areemphasized,butotherusefulmodels(suchasthequarkandSkyrmemodels)arealsodescribed.Thestrongandelectroweakinteractionsarenottreatedasindependentthreads,butratherarewoventogetherintoaunifiedphenomenologicalfab
本书系统介绍了激光核聚变的物理过程和有关物理问题。全书共分9章,包括惯性约束聚变发电的基本原理、激光的传播与吸收、激光—靶耦合的晕区物理、电子热传导和电子烧蚀、激光—X射线转换物理、内爆动力学、流体力学不稳定性、输运理论概要、快点火物理基础。内容涉及激光核聚变靶物理的基础以及20多年来的研究成果和前沿课题。在录中给出正文中引用的自型解的推导过程,还简要地介绍了量纲分析。本书着重介绍激光—靶耦合过程中发生的物理过程和物理规律,诠释其中的物理概念;强调理论与实验相结合,数值模拟与解析研究相结合。每章末都给出一些主要参考文献可供读者查阅。本书的对象是大学高年级学生、研究生、教师、从事有关领域研究和有兴趣了解这方面研究的科技工作者。