为了便于读者了解宇称不守恒思想突破的历史过程和科学文献，本书分三篇收录了相关文献。 篇收入了有关这一发现的重要理论和实验记录：李政道、杨振宁的论文《弱相互作用中宇称守恒质疑》，吴健雄和安布勒（E.Ambler）等的论文《β衰变中宇称守恒的实验检验》和布德（R.Budde）、克雷蒂安（M.Chretien）等的论文《1.3GeVπ-介子产生的不稳定重粒子的性质》。 第二篇收入的是，1986年11月22日在哥伦比亚大学物理系举行的“宇称不守恒发现30周年学术报告会”的有关历史文献。 第三篇主要为《李政道答（科学时报）记者问》、伯恩斯坦（J.Bernstein）的《宇称问题侧记》、富兰克林（A.Franklin）的《宇称不守恒的发现与未发现》等相关文献。

When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory. Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tri

Thiook describes the practical techniques for connecting the phenomenology of particle physics with the accepted modern theory known as the 'Standard Model'. The Standard Model of elementary particle interactions is the outstanding achievement of the past forty years of experimental and theoretical activity in particle physics. Thiook gives a detailed account of the Standard Model, focussing on the techniquey which the model can produce information about real observed phenomena. The text opens with a pedagogic account of the theory of the Standard Model. Introductions to the essential calculation techniques needed, including effective lagrangian techniques and path integral methods, are included. The major part of the text is concerned with the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous and reliable methods (radiative corrections and nonperturbative techniqueased on symmetries and anomalies) are emphasized, but other useful models (such as the quark and

本书内容涵盖粒子物理基础、宇宙线的物理（加速、相互作用）和天文（起源、传播）问题及其探测方法。针对目前广为采用的大气簇射实验，本书侧重讨论了大气簇射中宇宙线各成分（包括强子、光子、μ子和中微子）的理论模型及数值模拟方法。书中的理论分析简明直观，密切结合实验，具有较强的针对性。读者通过本书可以对宇宙线这个学科有整体和适当深度的了解。本书适合作为物理学专业高年级本科生和研究生的入门教材。对粒子物理标准模型和天文学有基础性的了解有助于对本书的理解。本书亦适合工作在宇宙线领域的专家学者参考。

《原子核结构》首先讲述了原子核的集体模型和壳模型的基本理论。对于液滴模型，Bohr哈密顿量及相关内容，球形和变形势中的单粒子态及其性质，壳修正和对修正等内容作了深入的物理讨论并对所涉及的数学公式都作了详细推导。着重讨论了核力的基本特征，介绍了常用的唯像核力并基于介子交换理论导出了介子交换势。特别对于原子核的高自旋态近年来的发展，远离稳定线原子核的结构等领域的近期进展都给出了深入讨论。

Thiookdescribesthepracticaltechniquesforconnectingthephenomenologyofparticlephysicswiththeacceptedmoderntheoryknownasthe'StandardModel'.TheStandardModelofelementaryparticleinteractionsistheoutstandingachievementofthepastfortyyearsofexperimentalandtheoreticalactivityinparticlephysics.ThiookgivesadetailedaccountoftheStandardModel,focussingonthetechniqueywhichthemodelcanproduceinformationaboutrealobservedphenomena.ThetextopenswithapedagogicaccountofthetheoryoftheStandardModel.Introductionstotheessentialcalculationtechniquesneeded,includingeffectivelagrangiantechniquesandpathintegralmethods,areincluded.ThemajorpartofthetextisconcernedwiththeuseoftheStandardModelinthecalculationofphysicalpropertiesofparticles.Rigorousandreliablemethods(radiativecorrectionsandnonperturbativetechniqueasedonsymmetriesandanomalies)areemphasized,butotherusefulmodels(suchasthequarkandSkyrmemodels)arealsodescribed.Thestrongandelectroweakinteractionsarenottreatedasindependentthreads,butratherarewoventogetherintoaunifiedphenomenologicalfab

String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. It was developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of de-scribing the strong nuclear force. Problems were encountered that prevented this program from attaining plete success. In particular, it was realized that the dpectrum of a fundamental string contains an undesired massless spin-two particle. Quantum chromodynamics eventually proved to be the correct theory for describing the strong force and the properties of hadrons,New doors opened for string theory when in 1974 it was proposed to identify the massless spin-two particle in the string's spectrum with the graviton, the quantum of gravitation. String theory became then the most promising can-didate for a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces and has developed into one of the most fascinating the6ries of high-energy physics.

本书系统地总结了冲击波压缩科学在力学、物理和化学方面的研究成果，从冲击波压缩的基本概念出发，讲述了冲击波压缩科学的起源、良性学说和灾变学说，冲击波压缩下固体的弹性、塑性、加载波和卸载波等力学响，应，固体的压电、铁电、铁磁、电阻率、电极化等物理性质，以及冲击波压缩下固体的活化、改性、化学合成等化学效应。本书从力学、物理和化学的多学科角度，阐述了固体的强度效应、局域变形、高浓度缺陷等特性在冲击波压缩过程中的意义，介绍了冲击波压缩科学的发展方向。 本书可作为力学、物理、化学、材料科学、地球和天体科学等专业高年级本科生和研究生的参考书，也可供动高压物理、爆炸与冲击动力学研究领域的科研人员参考使用，对国防、民用工程和新材料开发领域的工程技术人员有着重要的参考价值。