本书全面、系统地阐述了原子核物理学这门学科的基本内容,并对亚核子物理、天体物理以及核辐射测量等作了简要介绍。全书共分十三章,内容包括核的基本性质、放射性、核辐射测量、核力、核衰变、核结构、核反应、中子物理、核裂变和聚变、亚核子物理和天体物理等。书中着重叙述这些方面的基础知识和物理规律,同时适当介绍当前的一些进展情况。 为了便于读者自学,本书语言力求简明易懂,内容注意由浅入深,各章均有习题和答案。书末还附有供做习题用的“部分核素数据和粒子数据”和“常用物理常量”。 本书可作为大学物理类专业原子核物理课程的教材,并可供其他有关专业的师生和从事原子能研究和应用的人员参考。 本书是1981年出版的《原子核物理》(高等学校试用教材)的修订版。原版书于1987年获核工业部教材特等奖。1988年获全国高
小的粒子是什么?浩瀚的宇宙又蕴藏着什么样的奥秘?翻开《粒子与宇宙》这本书,你就开始了一段穿越时空的旅行。你可以到粒子动物园去看看夸克是什么样子,也可以乘上宇宙飞船到苍茫的太空中去捕捉来自天外的信号,你还可以扇动着想象的翅膀回到时间的起点去一睹大爆炸的悲壮,或者飞向未来去看看数十亿年之后的宇宙将会怎样。一个小小的原子何以能毁灭地球?光是波还是粒子?所有的物质都是由什么构成的?我们能回到过去吗?宇宙从哪里来又将到哪里去?所有这些已知的、未知的世界之谜都等待着你去探索。《粒子与宇宙》一书分5章介绍了核物理、量子理论、粒子物理、相对论和宇宙学的有关知识,深入浅出地为我们再现了知识发现的过程,并介绍了这些知识的当前或者潜在应用。这本书集科学性与趣味性于一身,从微观到宏观,从过去到未来,
Thiook describes the practical techniques for connecting the phenomenology of particle physics with the accepted modern theory known as the 'Standard Model'. The Standard Model of elementary particle interactions is the outstanding achievement of the past forty years of experimental and theoretical activity in particle physics. Thiook gives a detailed account of the Standard Model, focussing on the techniquey which the model can produce information about real observed phenomena. The text opens with a pedagogic account of the theory of the Standard Model. Introductions to the essential calculation techniques needed, including effective lagrangian techniques and path integral methods, are included. The major part of the text is concerned with the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous and reliable methods (radiative corrections and nonperturbative techniqueased on symmetries and anomalies) are emphasized, but other useful models (such as the quark and
Recent years have brought a revival of work on string theory, which haeen a source of fascination since its origins nearly twenty years ago.There seems to be a widely perceived need for a systematic, pedagogical exposition of the present state of knowledge about string theory. We hope that thiook will help to meet this need. To give a prehensive account of such a vast topic as string theory would scarcely be possible,even in two volumes with the length to which these have grown. Indeed,we have had to omit many important subjects, while treating others only sketchily. String field theory is omitted entirely (though the subject of chapter 11 is closely related to light-cone string field theory). Conformal field theory is not developed systematically, though much of the background material needed to understand recent papers on this subject is presented in chapter 3 and elsewhere.
本书是“北京物理学丛书”第33种。本书系统地介绍了激光冷却原子和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的历史发展、主要实验和基本原理,从实验出发,着重从物理概念和图像出发去描述现象,解释机理,避免冗长的攻势推导;在广泛阅读文献的基础上,穿插了一些科学发展过程中的珍闻逸事,使读者既了解了历史,又增加了阅读兴趣。本书可作为物理学、电子学以及其他相关专业的研究生、高年级本科生作为,也可供相关领域的科研人员参考。
My intention is that this book serve as a reference work on interacting particle systems, and that it be used as the basis for an advanced graduate course on this subject. The book should be of interest not only to mathematicians, but also to workers in related areas such as mathematical physics and mathematical biology. The prerequisites for reading it are solid one-year graduate courses in analysis and probability theory, at the level of Royden (1968) and Chung (1974), respectively. Material which is usually covered in these courses will be used without ment. In addition, a familiarity with a number of other types of stochastic processes will be helpful. However, references will be given when results from speized parts of probability theory are used. No particular knowledge of statistical mechanics or mathematical biology is assumed. While this is the first book-length treatment of the subject of interacting particle systems, a number of surveys of parts of the field have appeared
本书内容涵盖粒子物理基础、宇宙线的物理(加速、相互作用)和天文(起源、传播)问题及其探测方法。针对目前广为采用的大气簇射实验,本书侧重讨论了大气簇射中宇宙线各成分(包括强子、光子、μ子和中微子)的理论模型及数值模拟方法。书中的理论分析简明直观,密切结合实验,具有较强的针对性。读者通过本书可以对宇宙线这个学科有整体和适当深度的了解。本书适合作为物理学专业高年级本科生和研究生的入门教材。对粒子物理标准模型和天文学有基础性的了解有助于对本书的理解。本书亦适合工作在宇宙线领域的专家学者参考。
为了便于读者了解宇称不守恒思想突破的历史过程和科学文献,本书分三篇收录了相关文献。 篇收入了有关这一发现的重要理论和实验记录:李政道、杨振宁的论文《弱相互作用中宇称守恒质疑》,吴健雄和安布勒(E.Ambler)等的论文《β衰变中宇称守恒的实验检验》和布德(R.Budde)、克雷蒂安(M.Chretien)等的论文《1.3GeVπ-介子产生的不稳定重粒子的性质》。 第二篇收入的是,1986年11月22日在哥伦比亚大学物理系举行的“宇称不守恒发现30周年学术报告会”的有关历史文献。 第三篇主要为《李政道答(科学时报)记者问》、伯恩斯坦(J.Bernstein)的《宇称问题侧记》、富兰克林(A.Franklin)的《宇称不守恒的发现与未发现》等相关文献。