Solid State Physics is the study of the state of solids. Its development is acpanied by the development of modern science and technology. It contains many fundamental concepts that are essential to a great number of branches of science, including those within as well as those outside physics. An exhausted list of these branches is intimidating. Here we just name a few: Condensed matter physics, material science, semiconductor physics, laser physics, spin-tronics, physical optics, electric engineering, and electronic engineering. In solids, there exist a variety of particles (including quasiparticles and elementary excitations) and interactions among them. These particles and interactions determine the potential applications of various solids. For example, the peculiar band structure of electrons in semiconductors lead to transis-tors that are the heart of everything electronic; the electron-photon interactions lead to laser diodes, photodiodes, and CCDs (coupled charge diodes); the electron-phonon interaction

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