《原子核理论讲义(重排本)》是再版图书,按照1961年版本进行校订后重排录入。原书是根据九院于1960年夏天在成都举办的原子核物理讲习班的讲义编写而成。本书主要包括核力、核结构、核反应和核衰变等内容。对于上述内容,书中介绍了基本的理论处理方法和结果,并在一些部分把理论与实验的结果进行了比较和分析。
本书内容涵盖粒子物理基础、宇宙线的物理(加速、相互作用)和天文(起源、传播)问题及其探测方法。针对目前广为采用的大气簇射实验,本书侧重讨论了大气簇射中宇宙线各成分(包括强子、光子、μ子和中微子)的理论模型及数值模拟方法。书中的理论分析简明直观,密切结合实验,具有较强的针对性。读者通过本书可以对宇宙线这个学科有整体和适当深度的了解。本书适合作为物理学专业高年级本科生和研究生的入门教材。对粒子物理标准模型和天文学有基础性的了解有助于对本书的理解。本书亦适合工作在宇宙线领域的专家学者参考。
为了便于读者了解宇称不守恒思想突破的历史过程和科学文献,本书分三篇收录了相关文献。 篇收入了有关这一发现的重要理论和实验记录:李政道、杨振宁的论文《弱相互作用中宇称守恒质疑》,吴健雄和安布勒(E.Ambler)等的论文《β衰变中宇称守恒的实验检验》和布德(R.Budde)、克雷蒂安(M.Chretien)等的论文《1.3GeVπ-介子产生的不稳定重粒子的性质》。 第二篇收入的是,1986年11月22日在哥伦比亚大学物理系举行的“宇称不守恒发现30周年学术报告会”的有关历史文献。 第三篇主要为《李政道答(科学时报)记者问》、伯恩斯坦(J.Bernstein)的《宇称问题侧记》、富兰克林(A.Franklin)的《宇称不守恒的发现与未发现》等相关文献。
When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory. Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tri
从本书中学到物理大师做学问的方法。对称性是粒子物理的精髓,可以学到李先生如何从对称性原理出发,研究粒子物理的各种模型;如何利用量纲分析,数量级估计的方法来演绎物理定律和定理。从这本书中,还可以学到李先生是如何将理论物理和实验物理有机地结合起来。众所周知,李先生是实验与理论结合的典范,许多实验物理学家都愿意与李先生讨论他们在实验中遇到的问题,许多高能实验都是由李先生建议做的,包括美国布鲁克(Brookhaven)实验的大项目相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)的建造等。这本书陈述的物理大多数都是在第二次世界大战时期发展起来的,李先生创建,或参与,或目睹了整个过程。因此,他对这些理论的解读和理解肯定有其之处,经过了他的思维而写下了教科书将是人类宝贵的财富。
String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. It was developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of de-scribing the strong nuclear force. Problems were encountered that prevented this program from attaining plete success. In particular, it was realized that the dpectrum of a fundamental string contains an undesired massless spin-two particle. Quantum chromodynamics eventually proved to be the correct theory for describing the strong force and the properties of hadrons,New doors opened for string theory when in 1974 it was proposed to identify the massless spin-two particle in the string's spectrum with the graviton, the quantum of gravitation. String theory became then the most promising can-didate for a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces and has developed into one of the most fascinating the6ries of high-energy physics.
When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory. Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tri
核物理是研究原子核的结构及其反应变化的运动规律的科学。粒子物理是研究比原子核更深层次的微观世界中物质的结构、性质及在很高能量下这些物质相互转化及其产生原因和规律的物理学分支。《现代原子核物理:核物理与粒子物理》共分12章,主要内容包括简史、射线与物质的相互作用、加速器、原子核的基本性质、原子核衰变、原子核反应、原子核结构、当代粒子观、宇宙演化及介子、重子、超子、超核、轻子等内容。《现代原子核物理:核物理与粒子物理》是中核集团“十二五”核专业研究生教育规划之一,可作为核物理与粒子物理有关专业的研究生,对于有关科研、教学、工程技术人员也有的参考价值。
《高能量密度物理:基础、惯性约束聚变和实验天体物理学》章~第7章属于流体动力学和辐射流体力学基础,然而阐述角度独特,内容与一般不同,使从流体力学或者从等离子体物理进入高能量密度物理研究的读者都会受益匪浅。第8章介绍利用高功率激光设施和z箍缩内爆装置得到高能量密度稠密等离子体的原理和技术,叙述简明扼要。后三章分别论述以高能量密度物理作为基础的三个主要研究领域或学科,即惯性约束聚变、实验室天体物理和激光强场物理(相对论高能量密度系统),想要更好掌握这些知识的读者还应进一步学习有关的专著。
本书系统地总结了冲击波压缩科学在力学、物理和化学方面的研究成果,从冲击波压缩的基本概念出发,讲述了冲击波压缩科学的起源、良性学说和灾变学说,冲击波压缩下固体的弹性、塑性、加载波和卸载波等力学响,应,固体的压电、铁电、铁磁、电阻率、电极化等物理性质,以及冲击波压缩下固体的活化、改性、化学合成等化学效应。本书从力学、物理和化学的多学科角度,阐述了固体的强度效应、局域变形、高浓度缺陷等特性在冲击波压缩过程中的意义,介绍了冲击波压缩科学的发展方向。本书可作为力学、物理、化学、材料科学、地球和天体科学等专业高年级本科生和研究生的参考书,也可供动高压物理、爆炸与冲击动力学研究领域的科研人员参考使用,对国防、民用工程和新材料开发领域的工程技术人员有着重要的参考价值。
Myintentionisthatthisbookserveasareferenceworkoninteractingparticlesystems,andthatitbeusedasthebasisforanadvancedgraduatecourseonthissubject.Thebookshouldbeofinterestnotonlytomathematicians,butalsotoworkersinrelatedareassuchasmathematicalphysicsandmathematicalbiology.Theprerequisitesforreadingitaresolidone-yeargraduatecoursesinanalysisandprobabilitytheory,atthelevelofRoyden(1968)andChung(1974),respectively.Materialwhichisusuallycoveredinthesecourseswillbeusedwithoutment.Inaddition,afamiliaritywithanumberofothertypesofstochasticprocesseswillbehelpful.However,referenceswillbegivenwhenresultsfromspeizedpartsofprobabilitytheoryareused.Noparticularknowledgeofstatisticalmechanicsormathematicalbiologyisassumed.Whilethisisthefirstbook-lengthtreatmentofthesubjectofinteractingparticlesystems,anumberofsurveysofpartsofthefieldhaveappearedinrecentyears.AmongtheseareSpitzer(1974a),Holley(1974a),Sullivan(1975b),Liggett(1977b),Stroock(1978),Griffeath(1979a,1981),and